Changes in the Gut Microbiome and Pathologies in Pregnancy

Kamila Gorczyca (), Aleksandra Obuchowska (), Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar, Magdalena Wierzchowska-Opoka and Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak
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Kamila Gorczyca: Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Aleksandra Obuchowska: Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar: Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Magdalena Wierzchowska-Opoka: Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak: Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 16, 1-15

Abstract: Pregnancy is a special period in a woman’s life when her organism undergoes multiple physiological changes so that the fetus has optimal conditions for growth and development. These include modifications in the composition of the microbiome that occur between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. There is an increase in Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Firmicutes, which have been associated with an increase in the need for energy storage. The growth in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria levels has a protective effect on both the mother and the fetus via proinflammatory mechanisms. The aim of the study is to review the research on the relationship between the mother’s intestinal microbiome and gestational pathologies. Changes in the maternal gut microbiome is probably one of the mechanisms that occurs in various pregnancy diseases such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus, excessive gestational weight gain, and premature birth. For this reason, it seems vital to pay attention to certain interventions that can benefit the affected patients both in the short term, by preventing complications during pregnancy, and in the long term, as one of the mechanisms occurring in various gestational diseases is dysbiosis of the maternal intestinal flora.

Keywords: gut microbiota; gestational diabetes mellitus; preeclampsia; microbiome; obesity; pregnancy; fetal growth restriction; premature birth; cervical insufficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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