Association of Diet, Body Mass Index, and Lifestyle on the Gastrointestinal Health Risk in a Sample of Adults

Reyna Sámano, Fernanda Esparza-Juárez, Gabriela Chico-Barba, Erika González-Medina, Bernarda Sánchez-Jiménez and María Hernández-Trejo ()
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Reyna Sámano: Coordinacion de Nutricion y Bioprogramacion, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Fernanda Esparza-Juárez: Escuela de Dietetica y Nutricion del ISSSTE, Mexico City 14070, Mexico
Gabriela Chico-Barba: Coordinacion de Nutricion y Bioprogramacion, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Erika González-Medina: Escuela de Dietetica y Nutricion del ISSSTE, Mexico City 14070, Mexico
Bernarda Sánchez-Jiménez: Coordinacion de Nutricion y Bioprogramacion, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
María Hernández-Trejo: Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-13

Abstract: Gastrointestinal functional disorders are characterized by abnormalities in motility with visceral hypersensitivity, representing a global public health problem. We aimed to determine whether eating habits, lifestyle characteristics, and body mass index (BMI) are associated with gastrointestinal health risk. The Gastrointestinal Health (GIH) test of the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) and the Roma IV criteria were applied. We obtained information on food consumption habits and aerobic exercise, among other variables. Not exercising regularly, drinking water and eating vegetables less than recommended, having high body weight, and taking symptomatic medication were variables that explained 73% of the probabilities of not having good GIH (R 2 = 0.734). According to Rome IV criteria, women had a 50% higher risk than men of having functional bowel disorder (RR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.45). Among the men studied, eating few or no vegetables and drinking less than 1 L of water daily was more frequent; however, the women had significantly more intestinal symptoms. In addition, constipation was higher among women than men ( p = 0.020). All of the above explains the prognostic value of eating habits and the importance of paying attention to body weight to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal disease.

Keywords: eating habits; obesity; exercise; intestinal symptoms; World Gastroenterology Organization Test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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