Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe?

Long Chiau Ming (), Nur Hafizah Raudhah Azmi, Hui Poh Goh (), Li Ling Chaw, Khang Wen Goh, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Ganesh Sritheran Paneerselvam and Andi Hermansyah ()
Additional contact information
Long Chiau Ming: Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE-1410, Brunei
Nur Hafizah Raudhah Azmi: Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE-1410, Brunei
Hui Poh Goh: Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE-1410, Brunei
Li Ling Chaw: Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE-1410, Brunei
Khang Wen Goh: Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail: Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong 47160, Malaysia
Ganesh Sritheran Paneerselvam: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
Andi Hermansyah: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-9

Abstract: Objectives: The study aimed to measure the level of attitudes and the current practices of the female community in Brunei Darussalam regarding the usage of cosmetics. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach via the social media channels WhatsApp and Instagram. The inclusion criteria were female Bruneian citizens or permanent residents, aged between 18 and 65 years old, who can understand English or Malay, and use cosmetic products at least once a day. Results: A total of 445 participants responded to the online survey. Most of the participants agreed that the use of cosmetic products improves one’s physical appearance to the public (391, 87.8%) and also improves self-confidence (405, 91.1%). There were significant differences in monthly cosmetic product expenses and participants’ attitudes about safe cosmetic use ( p = 0.001). No significant changes in the individuals’ attitudes based on their age or educational level were observed. Overall, the participants had a good level of cosmetic safety practice. Almost half of the participants use social media to obtain information regarding what cosmetics to use or purchase. Conclusion: There is a medium to high level of attitude and a high level of practice regarding the safe use of cosmetics among Bruneian female adults. Social media was the main source of information for the respondents, followed by friend circle and family members.

Keywords: gender equality; public health; healthcare access; cosmetology; sustainability and community (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/17/10584/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/17/10584/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10584-:d:897056

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().