Energy Consumption in Capacitive Deionization for Desalination: A Review

Yuxin Jiang, Linfeng Jin, Dun Wei, Sikpaam Issaka Alhassan, Haiying Wang () and Liyuan Chai
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Yuxin Jiang: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Linfeng Jin: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Dun Wei: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Sikpaam Issaka Alhassan: Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Haiying Wang: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Liyuan Chai: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-19

Abstract: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging eco-friendly desalination technology with mild operation conditions. However, the energy consumption of CDI has not yet been comprehensively summarized, which is closely related to the economic cost. Hence, this study aims to review the energy consumption performances and mechanisms in the literature of CDI, and to reveal a future direction for optimizing the consumed energy. The energy consumption of CDI could be influenced by a variety of internal and external factors. Ion-exchange membrane incorporation, flow-by configuration, constant current charging mode, lower electric field intensity and flowrate, electrode material with a semi-selective surface or high wettability, and redox electrolyte are the preferred elements for low energy consumption. In addition, the consumed energy in CDI could be reduced to be even lower by energy regeneration. By combining the favorable factors, the optimization of energy consumption (down to 0.0089 Wh·g NaCl −1 ) could be achieved. As redox flow desalination has the benefits of a high energy efficiency and long lifespan (~20,000 cycles), together with the incorporation of energy recovery (over 80%), a robust future tendency of energy-efficient CDI desalination is expected.

Keywords: energy consumption; capacitive deionization; desalination; charge efficiency; energy recovery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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