Synthesis of Functionalized Carboxylated Graphene Oxide for the Remediation of Pb and Cr Contaminated Water

Sana Farooq, Humera Aziz (), Shafaqat Ali (), Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Shahid Mahboob, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim, Mian N. Riaz and Behzad Murtaza
Additional contact information
Sana Farooq: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Humera Aziz: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Shafaqat Ali: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Ghulam Murtaza: Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Rizwan: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem: College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Shahid Mahboob: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Khalid A. Al-Ghanim: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Mian N. Riaz: 2476 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 778, USA
Behzad Murtaza: Department of Environmental Sciences, Vehari-Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-18

Abstract: With the growing scarcity of water, the remediation of water polluted with heavy metals is the need of hour. The present research work is aimed to address this problem by adsorbing heavy metals ions (Pb (II) and Cr (VI)) on modified graphene oxide having an excess of carboxylic acid groups. For this, graphene oxide (GO) was modified with chloroacetic acid to produce carboxylated graphene oxide (GO-COOH). The successful synthesis of graphene oxide and its modification has been confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The increase in surface area of graphene oxide after treatment with chloroacetic acid characterized by BET indicated its successful modification. A batch experiment was conducted to optimize the different factors affecting adsorption of both heavy metals on GO-COOH. After functionalization, we achieved maximum adsorption capacities of 588.23 mg g −1 and 370.37 mg g −1 for Pb and Cr, respectively, by GO-COOH which were high compared to the previously reported adsorbents of this kind. The Langmuir model (R 2 = 0.998) and Pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R 2 = 0.999) confirmed the monolayer adsorption of Pb and Cr on GO-COOH and the chemisorption as the dominant process governing adsorption mechanism. The present work shows that the carboxylation of GO can enhance its adsorption capacity efficiently and may be applicable for the treatment of wastewater.

Keywords: carboxylated graphene oxide; heavy metals; water; remediation; adsorption kinetics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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