Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Italian Cohort Study in Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome

Mirko Compagno, Assunta Navarra, Laura Campogiani, Luigi Coppola, Benedetta Rossi, Marco Iannetta, Vincenzo Malagnino, Saverio G. Parisi, Benedetta Mariotti, Raffaella Cerretti, William Arcese, Delia Goletti, Massimo Andreoni and Loredana Sarmati ()
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Mirko Compagno: Clinical Infectious Diseases Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
Assunta Navarra: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy
Laura Campogiani: Clinical Infectious Diseases Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
Luigi Coppola: Clinical Infectious Diseases Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
Benedetta Rossi: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
Marco Iannetta: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
Vincenzo Malagnino: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
Saverio G. Parisi: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35100 Padova, Italy
Benedetta Mariotti: Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata of Roma, 00133 Rome, Italy
Raffaella Cerretti: Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata of Roma, 00133 Rome, Italy
William Arcese: Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata of Roma, 00133 Rome, Italy
Delia Goletti: Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy
Massimo Andreoni: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
Loredana Sarmati: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-10

Abstract: The results of tuberculosis (TB) screening and reactivation in a cohort of 323 adult patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from 2015 to 2019 at the University Hospital of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, were reported. A total of 260 patients, 59 (18.3%) autologous and 264 (81.7%) allogeneic transplants, underwent Interferon Release (IFN)-γ (IGRA) test screening: 228 (87.7%) were negative, 11 (4.2%) indeterminate and 21 (8.1%) positive. Most of the IGRA-positive patients were of Italian origin (95.2%) and significantly older than the IGRA-negative ( p < 0.001); 22 (8.5%) patients underwent a second IGRA during the first year after transplantation, and 1 tested positive for IGRA. Significantly lower monocyte ( p = 0.044) and lymphocyte counts ( p = 0.009) were detected in IGRA negative and IGRA indeterminate patients, respectively. All latent TB patients underwent isoniazid prophylaxis, and none of them progressed to active TB over a median follow-up period of 63.4 months. A significant decline in TB screening practices was shown from 2015 to 2019, and approximately 19% of patients were not screened. In conclusion, 8.1% of our HSCT population had LTBI, all received INH treatment, and no reactivation of TB was observed during the follow-up period. In addition, 19% escaped screening and 8% of these came from countries with a medium TB burden, therefore at higher risk of possible development of TB.

Keywords: latent TB infection; LTBI; haematopoietic stem cell transplantation; HSCT; interferon (IFN)-? release assay; IGRA; tuberculosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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