Reliability and Usability Analysis of an Embedded System Capable of Evaluating Balance in Elderly Populations Based on a Modified Wii Balance Board

Ángel Gabriel Estévez-Pedraza, Enrique Hernandez-Laredo, María Elena Millan-Guadarrama, Rigoberto Martínez-Méndez, María Fernanda Carrillo-Vega and Lorena Parra-Rodríguez ()
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Ángel Gabriel Estévez-Pedraza: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico
Enrique Hernandez-Laredo: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico
María Elena Millan-Guadarrama: Faculty of Nursing and Obstetrics, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico
Rigoberto Martínez-Méndez: Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50100, Mexico
María Fernanda Carrillo-Vega: Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico
Lorena Parra-Rodríguez: Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-21

Abstract: This paper analyzes the reliability and usability of a portable electronic instrument that measures balance and balance impairment in older adults. The center of pressure (CoP) metrics are measured with a modified Wii Balance Board (mWBB) platform. In the intra- and inter-rater testing, 16 and 43 volunteers (mean 75.66 and standard deviation (SD) of 7.86 years and 72.61 (SD 7.86) years, respectively) collaborated. Five volunteer raters (5.1 (SD 3.69) years of experience) answered the System Usability Scale (SUS). The most reliable CoP index in the intra-examiner tests was the 95% power frequency in the medial-lateral displacement of the CoP with closed-eyes. It had excellent reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient ICC = 0.948 (C.I. 0.862–0.982) and a Pearson’s correlation coefficient PCC = 0.966 ( p < 0.001). The best index for the inter-rater reliability was the centroidal frequency in the anterior-posterior direction closed-eyes, which had an ICC (2,1) = 0.825. The mWBB also obtained a high usability score. These results support the mWBB as a reliable complementary tool for measuring balance in older adults. Additionally, it does not have the limitations of laboratory-grade systems and clinical screening instruments.

Keywords: balance assessment; center of pressure (CoP); modified Wii Balance Board (mWBB); reliability; older adults (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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