Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Neurofeedback Training of Theta Activity on Working Memory and Episodic Memory in Healthy Population

Wen-Hsiu Yeh (), Ya-Ju Ju, Yu-Ting Liu and Ting-Yi Wang
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Wen-Hsiu Yeh: Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Ya-Ju Ju: Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City 821, Taiwan
Yu-Ting Liu: Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
Ting-Yi Wang: Department of Doctorate of Nursing Practice Program, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-14

Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training (NFT) of theta activity on working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) in healthy participants via a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 337 articles obtained from electronic databases were assessed; however, only 11 articles met the criteria for meta-analysis after manually screening and eliminating unnecessary studies. A meta-analysis calculating the Hedges’ g effect size metric with 95% confidence intervals using random effects models was employed. Heterogeneity was estimated using I 2 statistics. Theta NFT is effective in improving memory outcomes, including WM with a Hedges’ g of 0.56 [0.10; 1.02] (I 2 = 62.9% and p = 0.02), and EM with a Hedges’ g of 0.62 [0.13; 1.10] (I 2 = 42.04% and p = 0.01). Overall, the results suggest that theta NFT seems to be useful as nonpharmacological/adjunct training to improve WM and EM in healthy participants.

Keywords: cognition; memory; neurofeedback; randomized controlled trial; theta (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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