Associations between Advanced Glycation End Products, Body Composition and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Josipa Radić (), Marijana Vučković, Andrea Gelemanović, Ela Kolak, Dora Bučan Nenadić, Mirna Begović and Mislav Radić
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Josipa Radić: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia
Marijana Vučković: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia
Andrea Gelemanović: Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), 21 000 Split, Croatia
Ela Kolak: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Centre Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
Dora Bučan Nenadić: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Centre Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
Mirna Begović: School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
Mislav Radić: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-15

Abstract: There is limited evidence on the associations between dietary patterns, body composition, and nonclassical predictors of worse outcomes such as advanced glycation end products (AGE) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the level of AGE-determined cardiovascular (CV) risk in Dalmatian KTRs and possible associations between AGE, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), and nutritional status. Eighty-five (85) KTRs were enrolled in this study. For each study participant, data were collected on the level of AGE, as measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF), Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS), body mass composition, anthropometric parameters, and clinical and laboratory parameters. Only 11.76% of the participants were adherent to the MeDi. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of KTRs had severe CV risk based on AGE, while 31% of KTRs had mild to moderate CV risk. The results of the LASSO regression analysis showed that age, dialysis type, dialysis vintage, presence of CV and chronic kidney disease, C- reactive protein level, urate level, percentage of muscle mass, and adherence to recommendations for nuts, meat, and sweets were identified as positive predictors of AGE. The negative predictors for AGE were calcium, phosphate, cereal adherence according to the MeDi, and trunk fat mass. These results demonstrate extremely low adherence to the MeDi and high AGE levels related CV risk in Dalmatian KTRs. Lifestyle interventions in terms of CV risk management and adherence to the MeDi of KTRs should be taken into consideration when taking care of this patient population.

Keywords: advanced glycation end products; Mediterranean diet; kidney transplant; body composition (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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