Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Questionnaire for the Detection of Invisible Violence against Women

Iria Dobarrio-Sanz, Anabel Fernández-Vargas, Alba Fernández-Férez, Diana Patricia Vanegas-Coveña, Otilia Vanessa Cordero-Ahiman, José Granero-Molina, Cayetano Fernández-Sola () and José Manuel Hernández-Padilla
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Iria Dobarrio-Sanz: Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
Anabel Fernández-Vargas: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas, 04009 Almeria, Spain
Alba Fernández-Férez: Distrito Sanitario Almería, 04009 Almeria, Spain
Diana Patricia Vanegas-Coveña: Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
Otilia Vanessa Cordero-Ahiman: Grupo de Investigación en Economía Regional (GIER), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
José Granero-Molina: Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
Cayetano Fernández-Sola: Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
José Manuel Hernández-Padilla: Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 17, 1-14

Abstract: Background. Invisible violence against women (IVAW) can be understood as the set of attitudes, behaviors, and subtle beliefs that men use to subordinate women and that are culturally accepted. These behaviors can be a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV), so it is important to design tools that allow us to detect it early. The aim of this study was to design and psychometrically assess a questionnaire for the detection of invisible violence against women (Q-IVAW). Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional methodological study carried out in three phases: (1) development of the initial version; (2) pilot study ( N = 51); and (3) final validation study ( N = 990). The tool’s reliability, validity, and legibility were assessed. To assess reliability, the internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was analyzed. The validity assessment included an analysis of content, criterion, and construct validity. Results. The EFA revealed that the Q-IVAW was comprised of five factors that explained 55.85% of the total variance found. The Q-IVAW showed very high reliability (α = 0.937), excellent content validity, and good construct validity. The criterion validity analysis showed a moderate correlation between A-IPVAW and Q-IVAW ( r = 0.30; p < 0.001). Conclusion. The psychometric assessment of the Q-IVAW yielded good results, which could support the tool’s ability to assess how often women are subjected to inviable violent behaviors by their partners.

Keywords: health service environment; intimate partner violence; invisible sexism; prevention questionnaire; validation study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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