Effects of Three Interventions Combining Impact or Walking at Intense Pace Training, with or without Calcium and Vitamin Supplements, to Manage Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

Carmen García-Gomariz (), Celedonia Igual-Camacho, Enrique Sanchís-Sales, David Hernández-Guillén and José-M. Blasco
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Carmen García-Gomariz: Departament de Infermeria, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Celedonia Igual-Camacho: Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Process, Social and Healthcare Strategies, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Enrique Sanchís-Sales: Departament de Infermeria, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
David Hernández-Guillén: Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Process, Social and Healthcare Strategies, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
José-M. Blasco: Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Process, Social and Healthcare Strategies, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 18, 1-10

Abstract: The purpose was to assess the effects of three interventions on bone mineral density (BMD) to prevent the onset or progression of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Specifically, thirty-nine postmenopausal women, diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis, implemented either high-impact training (G1), the same training + calcium and vitamin D intake (G2), or walked at an intense pace + calcium and vitamin D (G3). Baseline change (BC) in BMD was estimated using the femoral neck and lumbar spine T-scores. Participants were classified as having suffered fractures and/or falls before (24-month) and during the 2-year intervention. The participants—aged 61.8 years—were allocated into G1 ( n = 9), G2 ( n = 16), and G3 ( n = 14). The groups evolved similarly over time; however, participants in G2 exhibited the largest T-score improvements with BC over 20%. G1 and G3 maintained BMD levels (BC = −7 to 13.3%; p > 0.05). Falls occurred similarly across the interventions, while the participants in G2 had the lowest percentage of fracture events ( p = 0.037). Overall, the findings suggest that regular physical exercise may be effective in maintaining or improving BMD in postmenopausal women presenting with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Due to the limited sample size, the results are preliminary and warrant future randomized trials to validate the findings.

Keywords: menopause; osteopenia; osteoporosis; physical exercise; pharmacological treatment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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