Profiles of Ecosystemic Resilience and Risk: American Indian Adolescent Substance Use during the First Year of the COVID-19 Crisis

Meghan A. Crabtree (), Linda R. Stanley, Randall C. Swaim and Mark A. Prince
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Meghan A. Crabtree: Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Linda R. Stanley: Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Randall C. Swaim: Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Mark A. Prince: Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 18, 1-23

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption to the lives of American Indian (AI) adolescents. While reservation-area AI youth already have a higher risk of substance use (SU) compared to their non-AI peers, COVID-19 stressors likely exacerbated this risk. However, COVID-19-specific and general resilience factors may have buffered against increased SU over the course of the pandemic. Using a person-centered, ecosystemic framework of resilience, we used latent profile analysis to identify ecosystemic resilience profiles indicated by general and COVID-19-specific risk and resilience factors, then examined inter-profile changes in alcohol and cannabis use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic from the spring of 2020 to the spring of 2021. The sample was 2218 reservation-area AI adolescents (7–12th grade; schools = 20; M age = 15, SD = 1.7; 52% female). Four profiles emerged: Average Risk and Resilience, High Resilience, Low Resilience, and High Risk. Adolescents with a High-Risk profile demonstrated increases in alcohol and cannabis use, while High Resilience youth demonstrated decreases. These findings support the hypothesized COVID-19-specific ecosystemic resilience profiles and the application of a person-centered ecosystemic framework to identify which AI adolescents are most likely to experience substance use changes during a life-altering crisis like COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; resilience; American Indian adolescents; latent profile analysis; substance use (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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