Economic Analysis of Patient’s Own Medication, Unit-Use and Ward Stock Utilization: Results of the First Pilot Study

Hamimatul Hayat Abdul Nasir, Hui Poh Goh, Daniel Vui Teck Wee, Khang Wen Goh, Kah Seng Lee, Andi Hermansyah (), Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi and Long Chiau Ming ()
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Hamimatul Hayat Abdul Nasir: PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
Hui Poh Goh: PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
Daniel Vui Teck Wee: Pharmacy Department, Suri Seri Begawan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Belait, Kuala Belait KA1131, Brunei
Khang Wen Goh: Faculty of Data Sciences and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 78100, Malaysia
Kah Seng Lee: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
Andi Hermansyah: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi: College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Amran P.O. Box 447, Yemen
Long Chiau Ming: PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 18, 1-11

Abstract: Background: Medication wastage is causing a cost burden to the healthcare system that is worth millions of dollars. An economic and ecological friendly intervention such as using a patient’s own medications (POM) has proven to reduce wastage and save the cost spent by the hospital. The potential benefits of using POM in inpatient settings have yet to be explored in a country with universal health coverage. This study aimed to pilot test the POM intervention in an adult ward setting and to perform the economic analysis of using POM and ward stock during hospitalization. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the patients admitted to the medical and surgical wards in a public hospital located in Brunei Darussalam between February 2022 and April 2022. Hospitalized adults above 18 years old with regular medications with a minimum length of stay of 48 h and a maximum length of stay of 21 days were included in the study. These eligible patients were divided into a POM group and a non-POM group. The economic analysis of using POM was performed by calculating the direct cost per unit of medication used during admission (from unit-use, ward stock and POM) and comparing the cost spent for both groups. Expired ward stock deemed as medication wastage was determined. Medical research ethics were approved, and all participating patients had given their written informed consent before enrolling in this study. Results: A total of 112 patients aged 63.2 ± 15.8 years participated in this study. The average cost of medication supplied by the inpatient pharmacy for the non-POM group was USD 21.60 ± 34.20 per patient, whereas, for the POM group, it was approximately USD 13.00 ± 18.30 per patient, with a mean difference of USD 8.60 ± 5.17 per patient (95% CI: −3.95, 27.47, p ≥ 0.05). The use of POM minimized 54.03% (USD 625.04) of the total cost spent by the hospital for the POM group within the period of the study. Conclusion: The pilot study showed that the supplied medication cost per patient was not significantly different between the POM and non-POM groups. Nevertheless, the utilization of POM during hospitalization is capable of reducing at least 50% of the total cost spent on inpatient medications by the hospital. The use of POM during hospitalization also helped in reducing the total time spent on the medication process per patient.

Keywords: pharmacy; medicine management; sustainability; wastage; medication safety (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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