Combined Dietary Education and High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training Improve Health Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Pallav Deka (), Jesús Blesa, Dola Pathak, Nuria Sempere-Rubio, Paula Iglesias, Lydia Micó, José Miguel Soriano, Leonie Klompstra and Elena Marques-Sule
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Pallav Deka: College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Jesús Blesa: Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Dola Pathak: Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Nuria Sempere-Rubio: Research Unit in Clinical Biomechanics (UBIC), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Paula Iglesias: University Clinic of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Lydia Micó: University Clinic of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
José Miguel Soriano: Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
Leonie Klompstra: Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
Elena Marques-Sule: Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 18, 1-10

Abstract: Background: Reducing cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes that include a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise is recommended in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We pilot-tested the effectiveness of a dietary-education and high-intensity interval resistance training (DE–HIIRT) program on healthy food choices and associated anthropometric variables in patients with established CAD. Methods: A total of 22 participants, aged 60.0 ± 7.2 years, were enrolled in the study. Over 3 months, under the guidance and supervision of a physiotherapist, participants performed the resistance exercises 2×/week in a group setting (cohort of 11). Participants additionally attended three sessions of dietary education led by a dietician. Participants demonstrated their knowledge and understanding of dietary education by picking heart-healthy foods by reading food labels. Outcomes included change in diet (measured using the tricipital skinfold thickness Mediterranean Diet Adherence questionnaire (MEDAS-14) and the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FCFQ)) and anthropometric measurements (body composition, body circumference, and tricipital skinfold thickness). A paired t-test was performed to analyze the differences between the baseline and post-intervention results. Results: Participants significantly increased their consumption of vegetables ( p = 0.04) and lowered their consumption of sweet snacks ( p = 0.007), pastries ( p = 0.02), and processed food ( p = 0.05). Significant improvements in body mass index ( p = 0.001), waist circumference ( p = 0.0001), hip circumference ( p = 0.04), and body fat ( p = 0.0001) were also achieved. Conclusion: Making lifestyle changes that include both diet and exercise is essential in the management of CAD. The HIIRT program combined with dietary changes shows promise in achieving weight-loss goals in this population and needs to be further investigated with appropriate study designs.

Keywords: coronary artery disease; high-intensity exercise; resistance training; body mass index; dietary education (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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