Psychometric Properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC) as a Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors with Long-COVID

César Fernández- de-las-Peñas (), Maria Palacios-Ceña, Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez, Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón, Stella Fuensalida-Novo, Margarita Cigarán-Méndez, Lidiane L. Florencio, Silvia Ambite-Quesada, Ricardo Ortega-Santiago, Alberto Pardo-Hernández, Valentín Hernández-Barrera, Domingo Palacios-Ceña and Ángel Gil- de-Miguel
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César Fernández- de-las-Peñas: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Maria Palacios-Ceña: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Stella Fuensalida-Novo: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Margarita Cigarán-Méndez: Department of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Lidiane L. Florencio: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Silvia Ambite-Quesada: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Ricardo Ortega-Santiago: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Alberto Pardo-Hernández: Consejería de Salud Pública, Comunidad de Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
Valentín Hernández-Barrera: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Domingo Palacios-Ceña: Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Ángel Gil- de-Miguel: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 18, 1-10

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is associated with a plethora of long-lasting symptoms (long-COVID). The presence of long-COVID symptoms causes decreased functionality. This study described the psychometric properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC), a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) used for evaluating the functional consequences of SARS in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors with long-COVID symptoms. The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM is a multicenter cohort study including patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in five hospitals in Madrid. A total of 1969 (age: 61 ± 16 years, 46.4% women) COVID-19 survivors with long-COVID completed the FIC at a long-term follow-up after hospitalization (mean: 8.4 ± 1.5 months). Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha value), reliability (item-internal consistency, item-discriminant validity), construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), floor effect and ceiling effect were calculated. The mean time for fulfilling the FIC was 62 ± 11 s. The Cronbach’s alpha values reflecting the internal consistency reliability were 0.864 for FIC-symptoms and 0.845 for FIC-disability. The correlation coefficient between the FIC-symptoms and FIC-disability scale was good (r: 0.676). The ceiling effect ranged from 2.29% to 9.02%, whereas the floor effect ranged from 38.56% to 80.19%. The exploratory factor analysis showed factor loadings from 0.514 to 0.866, supporting good construct validity. Women exhibited greater limitations in all physical symptoms and disability-related domains of the FIC compared with men (all, p < 0.001). Further, younger patients (those aged <45 years) self-reported lower physical symptoms and disability-related domains than older patients. In conclusion, this study indicates that the FIC has good psychometric properties to be used as a specific-disease PROM to measure function and disability in COVID-19 survivors with long-COVID.

Keywords: function impairment checklist; function; COVID-19; long-COVID; validity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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