Two-Dose Vaccination Significantly Prolongs the Duration from Symptom Onset to Death: A Retrospective Study Based on 173,894 SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Qianqian Song, Naseem Asghar, Ata Ullah, Baosheng Liang (), Mengping Long, Taobo Hu () and Xiaohua Zhou
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Qianqian Song: Department of Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Naseem Asghar: Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Ata Ullah: Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Baosheng Liang: Department of Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Mengping Long: Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
Taobo Hu: Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data, Peking University, Chongqing 401121, China
Xiaohua Zhou: Department of Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 18, 1-13

Abstract: This research was carried out to quantify the duration from symptom onset to recovery/death (SOR/SOD) during the first four waves and the Alpha/Delta period of the epidemic in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and identify the associated factors. A total of 173,894 COVID-19 cases were admitted between 16 March 2020 and 30 November 2021, including 458 intensive care unit (ICU) cases. The results showed that the case fatality rate (CFR) increased with age, and females had a higher CFR. The median SOR of ICU cases was longer than that of non-ICU cases (27.6 vs. 17.0 days), while the median SOD was much shorter (6.9 vs. 8.4 days). The SOR and SOD in the Delta period were slightly shortened than the Alpha period. Age, cardiovascular diseases, chronic lung disease, diabetes, fever, breathing issues, and ICU admission were risk factors that were significantly associated with SOD ( p < 0.001). A control measure, in-home quarantine, was found to be significantly associated with longer SOD (odds ratio = 9.49, p < 0.001). Infected vaccinated individuals had longer SOD than unvaccinated individuals, especially for cases that had received two vaccine doses ( p < 0.001). Finally, an advice on getting full-dose vaccination is given specifically to individuals aged 20–59 years.

Keywords: COVID-19; symptom onset to recovery; symptom onset to death; case fatality rate; vaccine dose (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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