Association between Air Pollution and Squamous Cell Lung Cancer in South-Eastern Poland

Jan Gawełko, Marek Cierpiał-Wolan, Second Bwanakare and Michalina Czarnota ()
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Jan Gawełko: Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Marek Cierpiał-Wolan: Statistical Office in Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
Second Bwanakare: Institute of Economics and Finance, Faculty of Socio-Economics, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
Michalina Czarnota: Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 18, 1-14

Abstract: Air pollution is closely associated with the development of respiratory illness. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO 2 , and SO 2 pollution and the incidence of lung cancer in the squamous subtype in south-eastern Poland from the years 2004 to 2014. We collected data of 4237 patients with squamous cell lung cancer and the level of selected pollutants. To investigate the relationship between the level of concentrations of pollutants and the place of residence of patients with lung cancer in the squamous subtype, proprietary pollution maps were applied to the places of residence of patients. To analyze the data, the risk ratio was used as well as a number of statistical methods, i.e., the pollution model, inverse distance weighted interpolation, PCA, and ordered response model. Cancer in women and in men seems to depend in particular on the simultaneous inhalation of NO 2 and PM10 (variable NO 2 PM10) and of NO 2 and SO 2 (variable NO 2 SO 2 ), respectively. Nitrogen dioxide exercises a synergistic leading effect, which once composed with the other elements it becomes more persistent in explaining higher odds in the appearance of cancers and could constitute the main cause of squamous cancer.

Keywords: air pollutants; morbidity; squamous cell carcinoma; lung cancer; principal components analysis; econometrics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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