Does Dominant Somatotype Differentiate Performance of Jumping and Sprinting Variables in Young Healthy Adults?

Fahri Safa Cinarli (), Hakan Buyukcelebi, Ozcan Esen, Magdalena Barasinska, Ladislav Cepicka, Tomasz Gabrys, Umut Nalbant and Raci Karayigit
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Fahri Safa Cinarli: Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
Hakan Buyukcelebi: Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
Ozcan Esen: Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
Magdalena Barasinska: Department of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
Ladislav Cepicka: Sport Centrum, Faculty of Pedagogy, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
Tomasz Gabrys: Sport Centrum, Faculty of Pedagogy, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
Umut Nalbant: Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta 99628, Turkey
Raci Karayigit: Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06830, Turkey

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-11

Abstract: The relationship between an athlete’s somatotype three-numeral rating and his or her athletic performance is well known. However, a direct effect of the different dominant somatotype on jumping and sprinting variables has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dominant somatotype on sport-specific explosive variables. One hundred and twelve physically active young adults (mean ± standard deviation age: 21.82 ± 3.18 years) were somatotype-rated using the Heath–Carter method. Participants were classified as balanced ectomorph, balanced mesomorph, central, mesomorph-endomorph, and mesomorphic ectomorph. Vertical jump and linear sprint tests were performed to measure peak lower body performance and sprint variables (time, speed, and momentum), respectively. The analysis revealed that balanced mesomorph had significantly higher vertical jump (effect size (ES) = 1.10, p = 0.005) and power to body mass (ES = 1.04, p = 0.023) than mesomorph-endomorph. In addition, balanced mesomorph showed significantly superior performance in 30-m sprint time and velocity than central and mesomorph-endomorph (ES range = 0.93–1, p < 0.05). Finally, balanced ectomorph (ES = 1.12, p = 0.009) and mesomorphic ectomorph (ES = 1.10, p = 0.017) were lower in sprint momentum compared to balanced mesomorphs. In conclusion, this study has shown the importance of the interaction between subtypes and athletic performance. The knowledge gained may be important in identifying those who tend to perform well in sports with explosive power and in prescribing training programs.

Keywords: anthropometry; explosive movement; peak power; somatotype (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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