Biodiversity Effects on Human Mental Health via Microbiota Alterations

Yee Sang Wong and Nicholas John Osborne ()
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Yee Sang Wong: School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
Nicholas John Osborne: School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-13

Abstract: The biodiversity hypothesis postulates that the natural environment positively affects human physical and mental health. We evaluate the latest evidence and propose new tools to examine the halobiont environment. We chose to target our review at neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, autism, dementia, multiple sclerosis, etc. because a green prescription (exposure to green spaces) was shown to benefit patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Specifically, our review consists of three mini reviews on the associations exploring: (1) ecological biodiversity and human microbiota; (2) human microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders; (3) ecological biodiversity and neuropsychiatric disorders. We conclude that the environment could directly transfer microbes to humans and that human studies support the gut microbiota as part of the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Overall, the results from the three mini reviews consistently support the biodiversity hypothesis. These findings demonstrated the plausibility of biodiversity exerting mental health effects through biophysiological mechanisms instead of psychological mechanisms alone. The idea can be further tested with novel biodiversity measurements and research on the effects of a green prescription.

Keywords: ecosystem biodiversity; neuropsychiatric disorders; gut microbiome (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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