Context Matters—Child Growth within a Constrained Socio-Economic Environment

Lukhanyo H. Nyati (), Leila Patel, Sadiyya Haffejee, Matshidiso Sello, Sonia Mbowa, Tania Sani and Shane A. Norris
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Lukhanyo H. Nyati: SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd., Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
Leila Patel: Centre for Social Development in Africa, Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg Business School, University of Johannesburg, Milpark 2092, South Africa
Sadiyya Haffejee: Centre for Social Development in Africa, Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg Business School, University of Johannesburg, Milpark 2092, South Africa
Matshidiso Sello: Centre for Social Development in Africa, Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg Business School, University of Johannesburg, Milpark 2092, South Africa
Sonia Mbowa: Centre for Social Development in Africa, Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg Business School, University of Johannesburg, Milpark 2092, South Africa
Tania Sani: Centre for Social Development in Africa, Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg Business School, University of Johannesburg, Milpark 2092, South Africa
Shane A. Norris: SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd., Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-11

Abstract: Communities in major cities in developing countries may experience economic vulnerability, which has detrimental consequences for maternal and child health. This study investigated individual-, household-, and community-level factors associated with child growth and resilience of early-grade learners aged 6 to 8 years. Demographic characteristics, depression scale, child wellbeing, and anthropometric measurements were collected on a sample of 162 caregiver–child pairs (children 46% female) who receive the child support grant (cash transfer programme) from five low-income urban communities in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. Height and weight were converted to z-scores using the WHO Anthroplus software. Multiple linear regression was used to assess factors associated with child health outcomes and multi-level regression to account for community-level factors. Higher income vulnerability was associated with lower weight- and height-for-age z-scores (WAZ and HAZ). Not completing secondary schooling and higher household size were associated with lower HAZ but higher BAZ. Child male sex and caregiver with depression were associated with lower child resilience. Caregiver’s level of schooling and household size remained independent predictors of child growth, while the caregiver’s mental health status independently predicted child resilience. Thus, notwithstanding systemic constraints, there may be modifiable drivers that can help in developing targeted intervention.

Keywords: urban environment; poverty; cash transfers; child growth; child resilience; maternal depression; developing countries; South Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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