Can Iron Play a Crucial Role in Maintaining Cardiovascular Health in the 21st Century?

Michał Szklarz (), Katarzyna Gontarz-Nowak, Wojciech Matuszewski and Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz
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Michał Szklarz: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
Katarzyna Gontarz-Nowak: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
Wojciech Matuszewski: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz: Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-32

Abstract: In the 21st century the heart is facing more and more challenges so it should be brave and iron to meet these challenges. We are living in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, population aging, prevalent obesity, diabetes and autoimmune diseases, environmental pollution, mass migrations and new potential pandemic threats. In our article we showed sophisticated and complex regulations of iron metabolism. We discussed the impact of iron metabolism on heart diseases, treatment of heart failure, diabetes and obesity. We faced the problems of constant stress, climate change, environmental pollution, migrations and epidemics and showed that iron is really essential for heart metabolism in the 21st century.

Keywords: iron; heart failure; diabetes; obesity; COVID-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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