COVID-19 Mortality in Patients Aged 80 and over Residing in Nursing Homes—Six Pandemic Waves: OCTA-COVID Study

Claudia Ruiz-Huerta (), Marcelle V. Canto, Carmen Ruiz, Ildefonso González, Isabel Lozano-Montoya, Maribel Quezada-Feijoo and Francisco J. Gómez-Pavón
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Claudia Ruiz-Huerta: Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
Marcelle V. Canto: Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
Carmen Ruiz: Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
Ildefonso González: Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
Isabel Lozano-Montoya: Faculty of Medicine, “Alfonso X el Sabio” University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
Maribel Quezada-Feijoo: Faculty of Medicine, “Alfonso X el Sabio” University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
Francisco J. Gómez-Pavón: Faculty of Medicine, “Alfonso X el Sabio” University, 28691 Madrid, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-13

Abstract: During the first COVID-19 pandemic wave in Spain, 50% of deaths occurred in nursing homes, making it necessary for some hospitals to support these facilities with the care of infected patients. This study compares origin, characteristics, and mortality of patients admitted with COVID-19 during six pandemic waves in the Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja in Madrid. It is a retrospective observational study of patients ≥80 years old, admitted with an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a total of 546 patients included, whose final outcome was death or discharge. During the first wave, those from nursing homes had a higher risk of death than those from home; during the two successive waves, the risk was higher for those from home; and in the last two waves, the risk equalized and decreased exponentially in both groups. Men had 72% higher risk of death than women. For each year of age, the risk increased by 4% ( p = 0.036). For each Charlson index point, the risk increased by 14% ( p = 0.019). Individuals in nursing homes, despite being older with higher comorbidity, did not show a higher overall lethality. The mortality decreased progressively in each successive wave due to high vaccination rates and COVID-19 control measures in this population.

Keywords: elderly; nursing homes; COVID-19; hospital; mortality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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