Dynamics of Major and Trace Elements in Water–Soil–Tree Interaction: Translocation in Pyrus malus in Chihuahua, Mexico Using ICP-OES and Its Health Risk Implications

Angélica Cervantes-Trejo () and Luz O. Leal
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Angélica Cervantes-Trejo: Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Chihuahua, Avenida Tecnológico 2909, Chihuahua 31310, Mexico
Luz O. Leal: Environment and Energy Department, Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV) S.C., Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-14

Abstract: The transference of metals from water irrigation and soil to plants is a possible pathway of contamination for the trophic chain. This research is focused on the distribution of 16 analytes in the water–soil–tree ( Pyrus malus ) interaction in an agricultural region in the state of Chihuahua in Mexico from August 2019 (first sampling) to August 2020 (second sampling). The apple variety under investigation was Golden Delicious; it was found that the trace elements of As (0.18–0.34 mg·kg −1 ) and Cd (0.11–0.14 mg·kg −1 ) in the apple were above the corresponding permissible limit, according to FAO/WHO, and Cr (0.08–0.86 mg·kg −1 ) was below the limit. Furthermore, the health risk implications were estimated by the Hazard Quotients (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR). For carcinogenic risk, As, Cd, and Cr exceeded the risk limit (CR > 10 −4 ). This investigation as well provides a link for similar research around the globe. Major and trace elements detection was performed with the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique, along with a prior homogenization of samples and microwave acid digestion. To obtain the statistical behavior, an analysis of variance and correlation was performed.

Keywords: trace elements; Hazard Quotient; carcinogenic risk assessment; health risk; apple; ICP-OES; water–soil–plant interaction; accumulation in plants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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