Comparing the Metabolic Profiles Associated with Fitness Status between Insulin-Sensitive and Insulin-Resistant Non-Obese Individuals

Shamma AlMuraikhy, Najeha Anwardeen, Aisha Naeem, Maha Sellami, Alexander Domling, Abdelali Agouni and Mohamed A. Elrayess ()
Additional contact information
Shamma AlMuraikhy: Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Najeha Anwardeen: Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Aisha Naeem: Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
Maha Sellami: Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Alexander Domling: Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
Abdelali Agouni: College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Mohamed A. Elrayess: Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-13

Abstract: (1) Background: Young non-obese insulin-resistant (IR) individuals could be at risk of developing metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. The protective effect of physical activity in this apparently healthy group is expected but not well characterized. In this study, clinically relevant metabolic profiles were determined and compared among active and sedentary insulin-sensitive (IS) and IR young non-obese individuals. (2) Methods: Data obtained from Qatar Biobank for 2110 young (20–30 years old) non-obese (BMI ≤ 30) healthy participants were divided into four groups, insulin-sensitive active (ISA, 30.7%), insulin-sensitive sedentary (ISS, 21.4%), insulin-resistant active (IRA, 20%), and insulin-resistant sedentary (IRS, 23.3%), using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and physical activity questionnaires. The effect of physical activity on 66 clinically relevant biochemical tests was compared among the four groups using linear models. (3) Results: Overall, non-obese IR participants had significantly ( p ≤ 0.001) worse vital signs, blood sugar profiles, inflammatory markers, liver function, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels than their IS counterparts. Physical activity was positively associated with left handgrip ( p ≤ 0.01) and levels of creatine kinase ( p ≤ 0.001) and creatine kinase-2 ( p ≤ 0.001) in both IS and IR subjects. Furthermore, physical activity was positively associated with levels of creatinine ( p ≤ 0.01) and total vitamin D ( p = 0.006) in the IR group and AST ( p = 0.001), folate ( p = 0.001), and hematocrit ( p = 0.007) in the IS group. Conversely, physical inactivity was negatively associated with the white blood cell count ( p = 0.001) and an absolute number of lymphocytes ( p = 0.003) in the IR subjects and with triglycerides ( p = 0.005) and GGT-2 ( p ≤ 0.001) in the IS counterparts. (4) Conclusions: An independent effect of moderate physical activity was observed in non-obese apparently healthy individuals a with different HOMA-IR index. The effect was marked by an improved health profile including higher vitamin D and lower inflammatory markers in IRA compared to IRS, and a higher oxygen carrying capacity and lipid profile in ISA compared to the ISS counterparts.

Keywords: physical activity; insulin sensitive; insulin resistant; non-obese (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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