Assessment of Pharmaceutical Services for Smoking Cessation: An Effectiveness–Implementation Hybrid Study

Maria Eduarda Pinheiro Laborne-e-Valle, Ana Emília de Oliveira Ahouagi, Debora Gontijo Braga, Isabela Vaz Leite Pinto, Célio Rezende Lara-Júnior, Sabrina Gonçalves Ferreira, Paula de Fátima Fernandes Blunk, Adriano Max Moreira Reis, Edna Afonso Reis, Djenane Ramalho- de-Oliveira and Mariana Martins Gonzaga do Nascimento ()
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Maria Eduarda Pinheiro Laborne-e-Valle: Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Ana Emília de Oliveira Ahouagi: Belo Horizonte Municipality, Belo Horizonte 30130-003, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Debora Gontijo Braga: Belo Horizonte Municipality, Belo Horizonte 30130-003, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Isabela Vaz Leite Pinto: Belo Horizonte Municipality, Belo Horizonte 30130-003, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Célio Rezende Lara-Júnior: Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Sabrina Gonçalves Ferreira: Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Paula de Fátima Fernandes Blunk: Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Adriano Max Moreira Reis: Pharmaceutical Products Department, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Edna Afonso Reis: Statistics Department, Exact Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Djenane Ramalho- de-Oliveira: Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Mariana Martins Gonzaga do Nascimento: Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-9

Abstract: Smoking is the main preventable cause of illness and early death worldwide. Thus, it is better to promote smoking cessation than to treat tobacco-related diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the implementation and effectiveness of smoking cessation pharmaceutical services offered in primary health care (PHC) in a large Brazilian city through a type 1 effectiveness–implementation hybrid study. The services were offered through individual or group approaches (Jan/2018–Dec/2019). The service indicators were described and the incidence of cessation in the services was evaluated. Factors associated with cessation were assessed by Poisson regression analysis. The services were offered in most PHC centers (61.2%) and by most pharmacists (81.3%). In total, 170 individual (9.7%) and 1591 group (90.3%) approaches occurred, leading to cessation in 39.4% ( n = 67) and 44.8% ( n = 712) of these, respectively. The use of nicotine plus antidepressants (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.08–1.57; p = 0.006) and the number of sessions with pharmacists (RR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.19–1.23; p < 0.001) were positively associated with cessation; a very high level of dependence was negatively associated (RR = 0.77; 95%CI = 0.67–0.89; p = 0.001). The smoking cessation services were effective and should be encouraged.

Keywords: smoking; smoking cessation; pharmaceutical services; primary health care; implementation science (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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