Study on the Development of a Conceptual Framework to Identify the Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients: A Concept Paper

Nurul Athirah Naserrudin, Mohammad Saffree Jeffree (), Nirmal Kaur, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim and Mohd Yusof Ibrahim
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Nurul Athirah Naserrudin: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
Mohammad Saffree Jeffree: Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
Nirmal Kaur: Sabah State Health Department, Malaysia Ministry of Health, Tingkat 3, Rumah Persekutuan, Jalan Mat Salleh, Peti Surat 11290, Kota Kinabalu 88590, Sabah, Malaysia
Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim: Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
Mohd Yusof Ibrahim: Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-10

Abstract: The most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic retinopathy (DR). The control of DR risk factors is essential for the effective prevention of DR. There is currently a lack of research to guide DR-related research in Malaysia. This concept paper aimed to review published studies and propose a conceptual framework (CF) as a guide for future research to determine the prevalence of DR and its risk factors across DM patients. After a review of prior research, this study has presented a CF that takes into account these four key elements: the patient’s sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, complications, and diabetes conditions, namely, the length of the disease and glycaemic control. In the suggested CF, ethnicity was highlighted as a crucial risk factor for DR across lower- to middle-income countries (LMIC) and multiracial countries. In order to guide future studies, scientific guidance is essential. The proposed CF would help future research to conduct scientific research related to DR. Also, the proposed CF was tailored to suit research across LMIC and multiracial countries.

Keywords: diabetic retinopathy; diabetes mellitus; Sabah; risk factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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