Assessment of the Driving Pollution Factors of Soil Environmental Quality Based on China’s Risk Control Standard: Multiple Bigdata-Based Approaches with Intensive Sampling

Xiahui Wang, Nan Wei (), Guohua Ji, Ruiping Liu, Guoxin Huang and Hongzhen Zhang
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Xiahui Wang: Center for Soil Protection and Landscape Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
Nan Wei: Center for Soil Protection and Landscape Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
Guohua Ji: Center for Soil Protection and Landscape Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
Ruiping Liu: Center for Soil Protection and Landscape Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
Guoxin Huang: Center for Soil Protection and Landscape Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
Hongzhen Zhang: Center for Soil Protection and Landscape Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-15

Abstract: Identifying the driving factors of soil environmental quality is critical in raising countermeasures for managing the soil environment efficiently and precisely. In 2018, China issued risk control standards to divide soil environmental quality into three classes to meet the demands of environment management. However, there is a lack of knowledge of this new standard. An intensive field-sampling research (2598 top-soil samples were analyzed) was conducted in the agricultural land of Hubei province, central China, to find the driving factors of pollutants based on this new standard. According to the standard, the proportion of classes 1, 2, and 3 in the overall quality grade was 57.3%, 41.7%, and 1%, respectively. The standardized index showed that the pollution levels of cadmium, arsenic, lead, and chromium were higher than that of mercury. The first component of the principal component analysis explained 56.4% of the total variance, and the loading of cadmium, arsenic and lead were −53.5%, −52.1%, and −51.2%, respectively. The general linear modeling found that cadmium and arsenic showed positive and significant effects ( p < 0.001) on the grading results of soil environmental quality. Based on the random forest algorithm, cadmium showed the greatest importance on soil environmental quality (increase in mean squared error = 32.5%). Overall, this study revealed that cadmium, arsenic, and lead were driving pollutants affecting soil environment quality grade. The large data size increased the reliability and robustness of the study’s conclusions, and it provided reference methods for future studies investigating China’s new standard for assessing soil environmental quality.

Keywords: soil environmental quality; cultivated land; heavy metals; driving factor; environment standard (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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