Retinal and Choroidal Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as Treatment for Sleep Apnea: Results at 12 Months

Pedro Naranjo-Bonilla (), Rafael Giménez-Gómez, María del Carmen Muñoz-Villanueva and Bernabé Jurado-Gámez
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Pedro Naranjo-Bonilla: Ophthalmology Department, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
Rafael Giménez-Gómez: Ophthalmology Department, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
María del Carmen Muñoz-Villanueva: Primary Care Health Centre, Córdoba-Guadalquivir Health District, 14011 Córdoba, Spain
Bernabé Jurado-Gámez: Respiratory Department, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-14

Abstract: Background: To determine the impacts of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on retinal and choroidal thickness measurement in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Participants were 28 patients with OSA treated with CPAP who were enrolled immediately after diagnosis and graded according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) determined in an overnight polysomnography. Inclusion criteria were a new diagnosis of OSA and an indication for CPAP. Participants underwent a full ophthalmologic examination including standard automated perimetry (SAP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the levels peripapillary, macular, and choroidal before CPAP onset, and after three and twelve months of CPAP. The data compared before and after treatment were intraocular pressure, SAP, and the thicknesses peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), total retinal (TR), retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), photoreceptor layer (PL), and choroidal. Results: After 3 months of CPAP, we observed thickening of the pRNFL (in 5/6 subfields) ( p < 0.004) and TR (in 5/9 subfields) ( p < 0.010). At 12 months, thickening persisted in these layers, this time affecting 2/6 and 2/9 subfields, respectively ( p < 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). Choroidal thinning was observed at the temporal level at both 3 and 12 months compared to measurements before starting CPAP treatment ( p = 0.014 and p = 0.038, respectively). SAP remained unchanged. Intraocular pressure was higher at 12 months than at 3 months ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: 12 months of CPAP avoids retinal thinning and normalizes choroidal thickness in OSA patients.

Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea; CPAP; optical coherence tomography; retinal nerve fiber layer; retinal ganglion cells; inner plexiform layer; choroid; photoreceptor layer (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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