The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula

Aleksandra Purkiewicz, Sylwester Czaplicki and Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko ()
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Aleksandra Purkiewicz: Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cieszyński 1 Sq, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Sylwester Czaplicki: Department of Food Plant Chemistry and Processing, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cieszyński 1 Sq, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko: Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cieszyński 1 Sq, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 19, 1-10

Abstract: (1) Background: The aim of the conducted research was to analyze the squalene content in infants’ food. (2) Methods: The experimental material included human milk collected from 100 women from Poland and three different infant formulas. The breast milk fat was extracted according to the Rose–Gottlieb method (AOAC), while the squalene content was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. (3) Results: The highest amount of squalene was identified in the milk of women aged 18–25 ( p < 0.05), and its content in milk decreased with the age of lactating women. Moreover, the greatest amount of squalene was identified in milk from the first lactation period (colostrum), while in mature milk, its content was more than two times lower. There was a correlation between breastfeeding BMI and the squalene content in milk (r = 0.78). (4) Conclusions: The conducted research shows that the level of squalene in human milk depends on physiological factors such as the lactation period and individual factors (age, BMI). The results of the conducted research indicate that breast milk is richer in squalene than modified milk. This study shows the importance of breastfeeding and indicates the superiority of breast milk over infant formulas.

Keywords: squalene content; bioactive ingredients; breastfeeding; lactation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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