Development and Initial Validation of the Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE): Describing and Quantifying the Impact of Subjective Environmental Factors on Sleep

Michael A. Grandner, Dora Y. Valencia (), Azizi A. Seixas, Kayla Oliviér, Rebecca A. Gallagher, William D. S. Killgore, Lauren Hale, Charles Branas and Pamela Alfonso-Miller
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Michael A. Grandner: Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
Dora Y. Valencia: Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
Azizi A. Seixas: Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
Kayla Oliviér: Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
Rebecca A. Gallagher: Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
William D. S. Killgore: SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
Lauren Hale: Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Charles Branas: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Pamela Alfonso-Miller: Northumbria Sleep Research, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 20, 1-17

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a 13-item self-report Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE). This study investigates the relationship between subjective experiences of environmental factors (light, temperature, safety, noise, comfort, humidity, and smell) and sleep-related parameters (insomnia symptoms, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and control over sleep). The ASE was developed using an iterative process, including literature searches for item generation, qualitative feedback, and pilot testing. It was psychometrically assessed using data from the Sleep and Healthy Activity Diet Environment and Socialization (SHADES) study (N = 1007 individuals ages 22–60). Reliability was determined with an internal consistency and factor analysis. Validity was evaluated by comparing ASE to questionnaires of insomnia severity, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, sleep control, perceived stress, and neighborhood disorder. The ASE demonstrated high internal consistency and likely reflects a single factor. ASE score was associated with insomnia symptoms (B = 0.09, p < 0.0001), sleep quality (B = 0.07, p < 0.0001), and sleep control (B = −0.01, p < 0.0001), but not daytime sleepiness. The ASE was also associated with perceived stress (B = 0.20, p < 0.0001) and neighborhood disorder (B = −0.01, p < 0.0001). Among sleep environment factors, only smell was not associated with sleep quality; warmth and safety were negatively associated with sleepiness; and of the sleep environment factors, only light/dark, noise/quiet, and temperature (warm/cool) were not associated with insomnia symptoms. The ASE is a reliable and valid measure of sleep environment. Physical environment (light, temperature, safety, noise, comfort, humidity, and smell) was associated with insomnia symptoms and sleep quality but not sleepiness.

Keywords: sleep; physical environment; sleep quality; insomnia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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