Early vs. Late Gestational Diabetes: Comparison between Two Groups Diagnosed by Abnormal Initial Fasting Plasma Glucose or Mid-Pregnancy Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Tatiana Assuncao Zaccara (), Cristiane Freitas Paganoti, Fernanda C. Ferreira Mikami, Rossana P. Vieira Francisco and Rafaela Alkmin Costa
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Tatiana Assuncao Zaccara: Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia da Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Cristiane Freitas Paganoti: Divisao de Clinica Obstetrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Fernanda C. Ferreira Mikami: Divisao de Clinica Obstetrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Rossana P. Vieira Francisco: Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia da Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Rafaela Alkmin Costa: Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia da Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-9

Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications in pregnancy. It may be diagnosed using a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) early in pregnancy (eGDM) or a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (late GDM). This retrospective cohort of women with GDM presents data from 1891 patients (1004 in the eGDM and 887 in the late GDM group). Student’s t-test, chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test and the Bonferroni test for post hoc analysis were used to compare the groups. Women with eGDM had higher pre-pregnancy BMI, more frequent family history of DM, more frequent history of previous GDM, and were more likely to have chronic hypertension. They were more likely to deliver by cesarean section and to present an abnormal puerperal OGTT. Even though they received earlier treatment and required insulin more frequently, there was no difference in neonatal outcomes. Diagnosing and treating GDM is necessary to reduce complications and adverse outcomes, but it is still a challenge. We believe that women with eGDM should be treated and closely monitored, even though this may increase healthcare-related costs.

Keywords: gestational diabetes; early-onset GDM; oral glucose tolerance test; IADPSG (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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