Difficulties in Managing Children’s Learning among Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Association with Worsened Behavioral and Emotional Symptoms

Chao-Ying Chen, Jung-Sheng Chen, Chung-Ying Lin, Ray C. Hsiao, Ching-Shu Tsai () and Cheng-Fang Yen ()
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Chao-Ying Chen: School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
Jung-Sheng Chen: Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
Chung-Ying Lin: Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
Ray C. Hsiao: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98295, USA
Ching-Shu Tsai: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
Cheng-Fang Yen: Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-11

Abstract: School closures during the COVID-19 pandemic have interfered with children’s learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the difficulties in managing children’s learning at home and attending afterschool learning programs and their related factors among caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 252 caregivers of children with ADHD completed a questionnaire collecting difficulties in managing children’s learning, parenting styles, children’s worsened symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and emotion, and increased Internet use. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors related to caregiver difficulties in managing children’s learning and children’s worsened ADHD, ODD, and emotional symptoms. In total, 85.3% of the caregivers had difficulty in asking their children to learn at home; 28.2% had difficulty in taking children to afterschool learning programs. Children’s worsened anger was significantly associated with higher caregiver difficulty in asking children to learn at home, whereas parental overprotection was significantly associated with lower caregiver difficulty in asking children to learn at home. Worsened hyperactivity and opposition were significantly associated with higher caregiver difficulty in taking children to attend afterschool learning programs. Interventions for enhancing caregivers’ skills to manage children’s learning and children’s behavioral and emotional symptoms should take the related factors found in this study into consideration.

Keywords: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; COVID-19; learning; caregiver; mental health (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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