Incidence Characteristics and Histological Types of Head and Neck Cancer among Adults in Central Sudan: A Retrospective Study

Marwa Ahmed Balila Gebril, Wail Nuri Osman Mukhtar, Moawia Mohammed Ali Elhassan and Ibrahim Mahmoud ()
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Marwa Ahmed Balila Gebril: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Khartoum ENT Hospital, Khartoum HGXH+7Q6, Sudan
Wail Nuri Osman Mukhtar: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P.O. Box 20, Sudan
Moawia Mohammed Ali Elhassan: Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P.O. Box 20, Sudan
Ibrahim Mahmoud: Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-9

Abstract: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are prevalent in Sudan, but the reasons for this and the incidence of different types of HNCs are not well understood. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to provide baseline data on the epidemiology of HNCs among patients treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in central Sudan. All cancer cases from 2016 to 2020 were retrieved from the NCI records. Of the 9475 new cancer patients who were registered at the NCI during the study period, 1033 (11%) had HNCs, of whom 767 (74.2%) were adults. The mean age of the adult patients was 54.5 years (standard deviation 15.8) and 449 (58.5%) patients were male. The annual incidence in adults was 4/10 5 population. The most common HNC sites were the nasopharynx (25.3%), hypopharynx (22.8%), and oral cavity (22.2%). Carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (87.6%), followed by lymphoma (5.6%). Most patients’ tumors were at a locally advanced (22%) or metastatic stage (47%) of HNCs at the time of presentation. Further studies to identify risk factors for HNCs, particularly for the most prevalent types in central Sudan, are needed. In addition, Sudan requires capacity building for cancer, including a national cancer registry.

Keywords: cancer; head and neck; malignancy; nasopharynx; Sudan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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