Assessment of the Actual Toxicity of Engine Exhaust Gas Emissions from Euro 3 and Euro 6 Compliant Vehicles with the BAT-CELL Method Using In Vitro Tests

Aleksandra Kęska (), Anna Janicka, Maciej Zawiślak, Justyna Molska, Radosław Włostowski, Adriana Włóka, Joanna Świeściak and Kacper Ostrowski
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Aleksandra Kęska: GEO-3EM Research Centre, Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland
Anna Janicka: GEO-3EM Research Centre, Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland
Maciej Zawiślak: GEO-3EM Research Centre, Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland
Justyna Molska: GEO-3EM Research Centre, Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland
Radosław Włostowski: GEO-3EM Research Centre, Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland
Adriana Włóka: GEO-3EM Research Centre, Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland
Joanna Świeściak: GEO-3EM Research Centre, Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland
Kacper Ostrowski: GEO-3EM Research Centre, Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 13, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-15

Abstract: Legal restrictions on vehicle engine exhaust gas emission control do not always go hand in hand with an actual reduction in the emissions of toxins into the atmosphere. Moreover, the methods currently used to measure exhaust gas emissions do not give unambiguous results on the impact of the tested gases on living organisms. The method used to assess the actual toxicity of gases, BAT-CELL Bio-Ambient-Tests using in vitro tests, takes into account synergistic interactions of individual components of a mixture of gases without the need to know its qualitative and quantitative composition and allows for determination of the actual toxicity of the gas composition. Using the BAT-CELL method, exhaust gases from passenger vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines complying with the Euro 3 and Euro 6 emission standards were tested. The results of toxicological tests were correlated with the results of chromatographic analysis. It was shown that diverse qualitative composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons determining the exhaust gases toxicity may decrease the percentage value of cell survival. Additionally, it was proven that the average survival of cells after exposure to exhaust gases from tested vehicles meeting the more restrictive Euro 6 standard was lower than for vehicles meeting the Euro 3 standard thus indicating the higher toxicity of exhaust gases from newer vehicles.

Keywords: actual toxicity; in vitro tests; internal combustion engine; Euro standards; gas chromatography (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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