Validation of the Malay Version of the Shame and Stigma Scale among Cancer Patients in Malaysia

Zheng Zhang, Nizuwan Azman, Hui Ting Eyu, Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar, Hajar Mohd Salleh Sahimi, Mohd Razif Mohamad Yunus, Noorsuzana Mohd Shariff, Rohayu Hami, Nor Shuhada Mansor, Ping Lu () and Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah ()
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Zheng Zhang: Department of Oncology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, China
Nizuwan Azman: Division of Research and Networking, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
Hui Ting Eyu: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Hajar Mohd Salleh Sahimi: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Mohd Razif Mohamad Yunus: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Noorsuzana Mohd Shariff: Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
Rohayu Hami: Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
Nor Shuhada Mansor: Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
Ping Lu: Department of Oncology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, China
Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah: Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-13

Abstract: The assessment of stigma among cancer patients is of the utmost importance as stigma may lead to various psychological sequelae and a lower quality of life. This study aimed to translate the English version of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Malay and validate the Malay version of the SSS (SSS-M) to assess the degree of stigma among cancer patients in Malaysia. Initially, the concurrent translation and back translation of the SSS-M were performed, and the face and content validity were assessed. Subsequently, the SSS-M was administered to a total of 234 patients with mixed types of cancer to assess its reliability (internal consistency and test–retest reliability), construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity), and conduct an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The SSS-M total score registered a good internal consistency (a Cronbach’s α of 0.881) and test–retest reliability (an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.876, p < 0.001). The EFA and CFA confirmed that the SSS-M consisted of 16 items in 3 domains. Its convergent and discriminant validity were achieved. Hence, the SSS-M demonstrated good psychometric properties and is available for use to assess stigma among cancer patients in Malaysia.

Keywords: stigma; cancer patients; Malaysia; Malay version of the Shame and Stigma Scale; reliability; validity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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