Does Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Perceived Negative Health in the Smoking Population?

Ángel Denche-Zamorano, David Manuel Mendoza-Muñoz (), Damián Pereira-Payo, Manuel J. Ruiz, Nicolás Contreras-Barraza, José A. Iturra-González, Javier Urbano-Mairena, Carolina Cornejo-Orellana and María Mendoza-Muñoz
Additional contact information
Ángel Denche-Zamorano: Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
David Manuel Mendoza-Muñoz: Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
Damián Pereira-Payo: Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
Manuel J. Ruiz: Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Department of Psychology and Anthropology, Education and Psychology Faculty, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
Nicolás Contreras-Barraza: Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
José A. Iturra-González: Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
Javier Urbano-Mairena: Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
Carolina Cornejo-Orellana: Escuela de Negocios y Tecnología, Universidad Gabriela Mistral, Santiago 7500533, Chile
María Mendoza-Muñoz: Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-15

Abstract: Background: Smoking is associated with poor health status. Increased prevalence of multiple diseases has been found in populations of smokers and ex-smokers. Physical activity (PA) could reduce the negative effects of smoking. Aims: To analyze the relationships between smoking and self-perceived health and between PA level and self-perceived health, according to the relationship with smoking in the Spanish population. To calculate the risks of perceiving negative health in relation to smoking, according to the PA level of the population. Hypothesis: A higher level of PA reduces the risk of perceiving negative health in the Spanish smoking population. Design and Methodology: Cross-sectional study with data from 17,708 participants, 15–69 years old, interviewed in the Spanish National Health Survey 2017. Intergroup differences were studied. Odds ratios (OR) and relative risks (RR) and their confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for negative self-perceived health. A Spearman’s rho correlation study was performed between the variables of interest. Results: Dependency relationships were found between self-perceived health and PA levels, in both genders and in different relationships with smoking (x 2 < 0.001). Inactivity was related to higher prevalences of negative health perception ( p < 0.05) in all groups analyzed. Inactive smokers (OR: 6.02. 95% CI: 3.99–9.07. RR: 5.24. 95% CI: 3.56–7.73) presented increased risks of negative health perception compared to people with low/medium PA levels, similarly found in other relationships with tobacco. Conclusions: Increasing the PA level of the smoking population could reduce the negative effects on their perceived health. Medium and high PA levels reduce the risk of negative health perception in the Spanish population, both in smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers.

Keywords: health; self-perceived health; smoking; odds ratio; physical activity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14366/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14366/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14366-:d:961701

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().