Gendered Impact of Age, Toilet Facilities, and Cooking Fuels on the Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Toddlers in Indonesia and the Philippines

Lilis Sulistyorini (), Chung-Yi Li, Leka Lutpiatina, Ricko Dharmadi Utama and Nurlailah
Additional contact information
Lilis Sulistyorini: Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
Chung-Yi Li: Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
Leka Lutpiatina: Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin, Mistar Cokrokusumo Street 4a, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
Ricko Dharmadi Utama: Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin, Mistar Cokrokusumo Street 4a, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
Nurlailah: Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin, Mistar Cokrokusumo Street 4a, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-17

Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of the study was to analyze the risk factors of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under five in Indonesia and the Philippines and to implement a primary review of the characteristics of toddlers and their households in both countries. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2017 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Indonesia and the Philippines. The characteristics of children, mothers, and households were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to examine the significant correlations between variables. Results: The percentage of children under five with ARI symptoms in 2017 was 1.51% in the Philippines and 4.22% in Indonesia. In Indonesia, males aged under one year had significantly lower occurrences of ARI symptoms (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36–0.82). In the Philippines, dirty cooking fuels had a significant effect on increasing the likelihood of ARI in female toddlers (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.02–15.83). In the Philippines, the unavailability of toilet facilities had a significant effect on increasing the likelihood of ARI in male toddlers (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.15–6.16). Conclusion: The comparison of risk factors between male and female toddlers revealed different results in some variables, as follows: children aged under one year, dirty cooking fuels, and unavailable toilet facilities. The role of parents is fundamental in taking care of female toddlers, since they are more exposed to ARI at the age of under one year and are more prone to indoor air pollution from solid cooking fuels.

Keywords: acute respiratory infections; under-five children; Indonesia-Philippines; gender risk factor; Demographic and Health Survey; year 2017 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14582/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14582/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14582-:d:965075

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().