Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

Jing Xu, Yanfen Hao (), Zhiruo Yang, Wenjuan Li, Wenjing Xie, Yani Huang, Deliang Wang, Yuqing He, Yong Liang, Julius Matsiko and Pu Wang ()
Additional contact information
Jing Xu: State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Yanfen Hao: State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Zhiruo Yang: Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Wenjuan Li: Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Wenjing Xie: State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Yani Huang: State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Deliang Wang: State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Yuqing He: State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Yong Liang: State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
Julius Matsiko: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Muni University, Arua P.O. Box 725, Uganda
Pu Wang: State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-15

Abstract: Antioxidants are prevalently used during rubber production to improve rubber performance, delay aging, and extend service life. However, recent studies have revealed that their transformation products (TPs) could adversely affect environmental organisms and even lead to environmental events, which led to great public concern about environmental occurrence and potential impacts of rubber antioxidants and their TPs. In this review, we first summarize the category and application of rubber antioxidants in the world, and then demonstrate the formation mechanism of their TPs in the environment, emphasizing their influence on the ozone oxidative degradation. The potential toxic effects of antioxidants and their TPs are further reviewed to improve understanding of their biological health impact and environmental risks. Finally, the environmental occurrences of antioxidants and their TPs are summarized and their environmental impacts are demonstrated based on the recent studies. Due to the currently limited understanding on the toxic and biological effects of these compounds, further studies are required in order to better assess various TPs of these antioxidants and their environmental impact. To our knowledge, this is the first review on antioxidants and their TPs in the environment, which may elevate the environmental risk awareness of rubber products and their TPs in the near future.

Keywords: rubber antioxidants; transformation products; toxic effects; occurrence; environmental impacts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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