Prognostic Performance of Cystatin C in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Michal Matuszewski, Yurii Reznikov, Michal Pruc, Frank W. Peacock, Alla Navolokina, Raúl Júarez-Vela, Lukasz Jankowski, Zubaid Rafique and Lukasz Szarpak ()
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Michal Matuszewski: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
Yurii Reznikov: European School of Medicine, International European University, 03187 Kyiv, Ukraine
Michal Pruc: Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, 05-806 Warsaw, Poland
Frank W. Peacock: Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Alla Navolokina: European School of Medicine, International European University, 03187 Kyiv, Ukraine
Raúl Júarez-Vela: GRUPAC, Department in Nursing, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
Lukasz Jankowski: Clinic of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Zubaid Rafique: Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Lukasz Szarpak: Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-10

Abstract: Cystatin C is a specific biomarker of kidney function. We perform this meta-analysis to determine the association of Cystatin C with the COVID-19 severity. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science for studies published until 2nd September 2022 that reported associations between Cystatin C levels and COVID-19 severity. The analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate pooled standard mean difference (SMD). Twenty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed statistically significant differences of Cystatin C levels among survive vs. decreased patients (0.998 ± 0.225 vs. 1.328 ± 0.475 mg/dL, respectively; SMD = −2.14; 95%CI: −3.28 to −1.01; p < 0.001). Cystatin C levels in COVID-19 severe vs. non-severe groups varied and amounted to 1.485 ± 1.191 vs. 1.014 ± 0.601 mg/dL, respectively (SMD = 1.81; 95%CI: 1.29 to 2.32; p < 0.001). Additionally, pooled analysis showed that Cystatin C levels in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) was 1.562 ± 0.885 mg/dL, compared to 0.811 ± 0.108 mg/dL for patients without AKI (SMD = 4.56; 95%CI: 0.27 to 8.85; p = 0.04). Summing up, Cystatin C is a potentially very good marker to be used in the context of COVID-19 disease due to the prognosis of patients’ serious condition, risk of AKI and mortality. In addition, Cystatin C could be used as a marker of renal complications in COVID-19 other than AKI due to the need to monitor patients even longer after leaving the hospital.

Keywords: Cystatin C; cystatin 3; SARS-CoV-2; novel coronavirus; COVID-19; severity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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