Evaluation of Salivary Biomarkers of Periodontal Disease Based on Smoking Status: A Systematic Review

Jin-won Noh, Jong-Hwa Jang (), Hae-Soo Yoon, Kyoung-Beom Kim, Min-Hee Heo, Ha-eun Jang, Young-Jin Kim and Yejin Lee
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Jin-won Noh: Division of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26493, Korea
Jong-Hwa Jang: Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31116, Korea
Hae-Soo Yoon: Department of Public Health Science, Dankook University Graduate School, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31116, Korea
Kyoung-Beom Kim: Department of Health Administration, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31116, Korea
Min-Hee Heo: Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University Graduate School, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26493, Korea
Ha-eun Jang: Department of Healthcare Management, College of Bio Convergence, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam 13135, Korea
Young-Jin Kim: Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University Graduate School, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26493, Korea
Yejin Lee: Department of Public Health Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 21, 1-14

Abstract: Saliva is a useful biomarker for diagnosing oral health conditions, including periodontal disease (PD). Smoking is a risk factor for PD. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the salivary biomarkers associated with PD based on smoking status. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and Web of Sciences databases was conducted up to 1 January 2021 using key terms relevant to the topic of our research and Cochrane methodology and improved with searching a gray literature resource. The methodological quality of all included studies was assessed with the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Seven studies were included. Smokers had increased levels of malondialdehyde, sialic acid, salivary cortisol, salivary interleukin 1β, albumin, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP), and the pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), as well as decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, activity of lactate dehydrogenase, activity of enzyme activity of β-glucuronidase, uric acid, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)/TIMP-1 ratio, and combinations of MMP-8 and ICTP. However, mixed results were observed some studies in detecting glutathione peroxidase, MMP-8, and MMP-14. The results were interpreted with caution because of limitations in the number of included studies and the study design. Some salivary biomarkers are potentially useful in combination or alone for diagnosing PD. Methodological and systematic studies are needed to develop more effective biomarkers.

Keywords: biomarker; diagnosis; periodontal diseases; review; saliva; smoking (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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