Effectiveness of a 6-Month Nutrition Intervention in People Living with HIV and Prediabetes Progressing through Stages of Change towards Positive Health Behavior

Alicia Sneij (), Adriana Campa, Fatma Huffman, Florence George, Mary Jo Trepka, Sabrina Sales Martinez and Marianna Baum
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Alicia Sneij: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Adriana Campa: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Fatma Huffman: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Florence George: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Mary Jo Trepka: Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Sabrina Sales Martinez: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Marianna Baum: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 22, 1-13

Abstract: The prevalence of prediabetes in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is two to three times higher than that of the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention in guiding low-income people living with HIV (PLWH) and prediabetes through the stages of change and promote self-efficacy of positive health behavior. Methods: A 6- month randomized, controlled intervention was conducted where participants (N = 38) were randomized into the intervention group (n = 20) or the control group (n = 18). The participants’ stages of change, nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy were assessed using questionnaires. Participants were recruited in August 2017–December 2018, were HIV seropositive, had undetectable viral load, were prediabetic, and not currently receiving glucose-altering medications. Participants randomized into the intervention group received medical nutrition therapy/counseling and nutrition education; participants randomized into the control group received educational material related to nutrition, HIV, and prediabetes at baseline. Primary outcome measures were progression through the stages of change as measured by the transtheoretical (“stages of change”) model, improvements in nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy of the participants. Results: Significant improvement in stage of behavioral change was observed in the intervention group for physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake, fiber intake as well as nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy; however, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: A nutrition intervention was effective in promoting positive health behavior by progressing participants through the stages of behavioral change in low-income people living with HIV and prediabetes.

Keywords: prediabetes; HIV; nutrition; intervention; health (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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