A Modified Mediterranean Diet Improves Fasting and Postprandial Glucoregulation in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study

Aristea Gioxari, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Christina Katsarou, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Marina Toutouza, Stavros A. Kavouras, Labros S. Sidossis and Maria I. Maraki ()
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Aristea Gioxari: Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Science, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, GR24100 Kalamata, Greece
Maria G. Grammatikopoulou: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR41110 Larissa, Greece
Christina Katsarou: Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos: Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
Marina Toutouza: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hippokration General Hospital, 2–4 Mesogeion Avenue, GR11527 Athens, Greece
Stavros A. Kavouras: Hydration Science Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
Labros S. Sidossis: Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
Maria I. Maraki: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR72300 Sitia, Greece

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 22, 1-15

Abstract: The ideal lifestyle intervention to battle both obesity and diabetes is currently unknown. The aim of this pilot uncontrolled intervention trial was to assess the effect of a modified Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on weight loss and glucoregulation among overweight/obese adults. Eleven men and women with overweight/obesity, aged 37 ± 12 years, participated in a free-living intervention until 10% weight loss was achieved. Participants followed an individualized MedDiet high in monounsaturated fat and protein with decreased carbohydrate and saturated fat contents. Physical activity and dietary intake were monitored with pedometers and food records, respectively. Upon weight loss achievement, anthropometric measurements, blood metabolic profiles and individual responses to oral glucose and mixed-meal tests were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. The results showed significant ameliorations in body fat, waist circumference and leptin levels ( p < 0.01), with concomitant increases in adiponectin–leptin ratios ( p < 0.001). Glucoregulation was significantly improved according to glucose and insulin responses, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance indices and postprandial insulin sensitivity indices ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, the modified Mediterranean diet may induce significant improvements in body composition, adipocytokine profile and glucose metabolism in overweight/obese individuals. Notably, ameliorated glycemia and increased insulin sensitivity may be retained even at postprandial level, irrespective of the meal consumed.

Keywords: weight; nutrition; diabetes; oral glucose tolerance test; mixed-meal tolerance test; HOMA-IR; adiponectin–leptin ratio (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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