Health Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particle-Bound Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Suburban Areas of South China

Peng Gao, Feng Deng, Wei-Shan Chen, Yi-Jia Zhong, Xiao-Lu Cai, Wen-Min Ma, Jian Hu () and Shu-Ran Feng ()
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Peng Gao: Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
Feng Deng: Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
Wei-Shan Chen: Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
Yi-Jia Zhong: Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
Xiao-Lu Cai: Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
Wen-Min Ma: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
Jian Hu: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Shu-Ran Feng: School of Business, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hongkong 999077, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-13

Abstract: Airborne particulates (PM 2.5 and TSP) were collected from outdoor and indoor areas at urban (Haizhu District) and suburban (Huadu District) sites from 2019 to 2020 in Guangzhou. Three nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the airborne particulates were identified by a gas chromatograph equipped with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. In the Haizhu District and Huadu District, the nitro-PAH concentrations in PM 2.5 and TSP did not show a significant decrease from winter to summer. From 2019 to 2020, the difference in the average concentration of nitro-PAHs in PM 2.5 and TSP in Guangzhou was relatively low and had no statistical significance. The diagnostic ratios of 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF)/1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in TSP are less than five, while for 2-NF/1-NP in outdoor PM 2.5 in the summer of 2019 and 2020 are more than five, which indicates that nitro-PAHs in the atmospheric PM 2.5 in Guangzhou during summer mainly originated from the secondary formation of atmospheric photochemical reactions between parent PAHs and oxidants (·OH, NO 3 , and O 3 ). 9-Nitroanthracene (9-NT) made the most significant contribution to the total nitro-PAH concentration. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of nitro-PAHs in PM 2.5 and TSP by inhalation exposure indicated low potential health risks in the urban-suburban of Guangzhou.

Keywords: PM 2.5; TSP; nitro-PAH; inhalation exposure; health risk (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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