Relationships of Physical Activity, Depression, and Sleep with Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Kahee Kim, Gyubeom Hwang, Yong Hyuk Cho, Eun Jwoo Kim, Ji Won Woang, Chang Hyung Hong, Sang Joon Son () and Hyun Woong Roh ()
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Kahee Kim: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Gyubeom Hwang: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Yong Hyuk Cho: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Eun Jwoo Kim: Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Ji Won Woang: Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Chang Hyung Hong: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Sang Joon Son: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Hyun Woong Roh: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-10

Abstract: This cross-sectional, observational study aimed to integrate the analyses of relationships of physical activity, depression, and sleep with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults using a single model. To this end, physical activity, sleep, depression, and cognitive function in 864 community-dwelling older adults from the Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening, respectively. Their sociodemographic characteristics were also recorded. After adjusting for confounders, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the effects of physical activity, sleep, and depression on cognitive function. Models 4, 5, 7, and 14 of PROCESS were applied to verify the mediating and moderating effects of all variables. Physical activity had a direct effect on cognitive function (effect = 0.97, p < 0.01) and indirect effect (effect = 0.36; confidence interval: 0.18, 0.57) through depression. Moreover, mediated moderation effects of sleep were confirmed in the pathways where physical activity affects cognitive function through depression (F-coeff = 13.37, p < 0.001). Furthermore, these relationships differed with age. Thus, the associations among physical activity, depression, and sleep are important in interventions for the cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults. Such interventions should focus on different factors depending on age.

Keywords: physical activity; depression; sleep; cognitive function; community-dwelling older adult (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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