Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Tool to Identify People at Greater Risk of Having Hepatitis C among Drug Users

Gang Huang, Wei Cheng, Yun Xu, Jiezhe Yang, Jun Jiang, Xiaohong Pan, Xin Zhou, Jianmin Jiang () and Chengliang Chai ()
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Gang Huang: Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Wei Cheng: Department of AIDS and STDs Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
Yun Xu: Department of AIDS and STDs Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
Jiezhe Yang: Department of AIDS and STDs Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
Jun Jiang: Department of AIDS and STDs Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
Xiaohong Pan: Department of AIDS and STDs Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
Xin Zhou: Department of AIDS and STDs Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
Jianmin Jiang: Department of AIDS and STDs Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
Chengliang Chai: Department of AIDS and STDs Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-11

Abstract: Background: People who use drugs (PWUD) are among those with the highest risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Highly effective direct-acting antiviral agents offer an opportunity to eliminate HCV. A simple tool for the prediction of HCV infection risk in PWUD is urgently needed. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction tool to identify people at greater risk of having hepatitis C among PWUD that is applicable in resource-limited settings. Methods: We extracted data from national HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance in PWUD (Zhejiang Province, 2016–2021) and developed and validated a risk score to improve HCV testing in PWUD. This risk score consists of seven risk factors identified using multivariable logistic regression modeling (2016–2020, exploratory group). We validated this score using surveillance data for 2021 (validation group). The accuracy of the model was determined using C-statistics. Results: We identified seven risk factors, including sex, age, marital status, educational attainment, and the use of heroin, morphine, and methamphetamine. In the exploratory group, the positive rates of detecting the HCV antibody in the low-risk (0–9 points), intermediate-risk (10–16 points), and high-risk (≥17 points) groups were 6.72%, 17.24%, and 38.02%, respectively ( P trend < 0.001). In the validation group, the positive rates in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups were 4.46%, 12.23%, and 38.99%, respectively ( P trend < 0.001). Conclusions: We developed and validated a drug-specific risk prediction tool for identifying PWUD at increased risk of HCV infection. This tool can complement and integrate the screening strategy for the purpose of early diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: drug use; HCV prevalence; risk behaviors; risk score (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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