Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

Dominik Franciszek Dłuski (), Monika Ruszała, Gracjan Rudziński, Kinga Pożarowska, Kinga Brzuszkiewicz and Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak
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Dominik Franciszek Dłuski: Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
Monika Ruszała: Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
Gracjan Rudziński: Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
Kinga Pożarowska: Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
Kinga Brzuszkiewicz: Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak: Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-32

Abstract: Over the last few decades, several definitions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been described. There is currently not enough research to show which way is the best to diagnose GDM. Opinions differ in terms of the optimal screening and diagnostic measures, in part due to the differences in the population risks, the cost-effectiveness considerations, and the lack of an evidence base to support large national screening programs. The basic method for identifying the disease is the measurement of glucose plasma levels which may be determined when fasting, two hours after a meal, or simply at any random time. The currently increasing incidence of diabetes in the whole population, the altering demographics and the presence of lifestyle changes still require better methods of screening for hyperglycemia, especially during pregnancy. The main aim of this review is to focus on the prevalence and modifications to the screening criteria for GDM across all continents in the 21st century. We would like to show the differences in the above issues and correlate them with the geographical situation. Looking at the history of diabetes, we are sure that more than one evolution in GDM diagnosis will occur, due to the development of medicine, appearance of modern technologies, and the dynamic continuation of research.

Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus; GDM prevalence; continents; GDM diagnosis; oral glucose tolerance test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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