Effects of a Structured Multicomponent Physical Exercise Intervention on Quality of Life and Biopsychosocial Health among Chilean Older Adults from the Community with Controlled Multimorbidity: A Pre–Post Design

Rafael Pizarro-Mena (), Samuel Duran-Aguero, Solange Parra-Soto, Francisco Vargas-Silva, Sebastian Bello-Lepe and Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque
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Rafael Pizarro-Mena: Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile
Samuel Duran-Aguero: Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile
Solange Parra-Soto: Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
Francisco Vargas-Silva: Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile
Sebastian Bello-Lepe: Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque: Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 8380000, Chile

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-17

Abstract: Structured multicomponent physical exercise (PE) for older adults, with a combination of strength, aerobic, flexibility, and balance exercises, has been shown to have benefits for physical, cognitive, social, and metabolic functioning, as well as counteracting chronic pathologies and geriatric syndromes. However, little is known about the effect of these interventions in Chilean older adults. Our objective was to determine the effect of a structured multicomponent PE intervention on the quality of life (QoL) and biopsychosocial factors of community-living older adults. We conducted a pre–post intervention without control group, with a face-to-face structured multicomponent PE intervention (cardiovascular, strength/power, flexibility, static and dynamic balance, other psychomotor components, and education), based on FITT-VP principles (frequency, intensity, type, time, volume, and progression of exercise), at moderate intensity, 60 min per session, three times per week, and 12 weeks in duration, among 45 persons with an average age of 70.74 years. Participants were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention with different instruments of comprehensive gerontological assessment (CGA). Post intervention, participants (83.70% average attendance) significantly improved scores in QoL, biological and biopsychosocial frailty, sarcopenia, functionality in basic, instrumental, and advanced activities of daily living, dynamic balance, cognitive status and mood, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, body mass index, strength and flexibility clinical tests of lower and upper extremity, aerobic capacity, agility, and tandem balance. The indication and prescription of structured multicomponent PE based on FITT-VP principles, as evaluated with the CGA, improved the QoL and biopsychosocial health of older adults. This intervention could serve as a pilot for RCTs or to improve PE programs or services for older adults under the auspices of existing public policy.

Keywords: physical activity; physical exercise; older adults; biopsychosocial effects; quality of life (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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