A Reliability of Active and Passive Knee Joint Position Sense Assessment Using the Luna EMG Rehabilitation Robot

Łukasz Oleksy (), Aleksandra Królikowska, Anna Mika, Paweł Reichert, Monika Kentel, Maciej Kentel, Anna Poświata, Anna Roksela, Dominika Kozak, Katarzyna Bienias, Marcel Smoliński, Artur Stolarczyk and Michał Mikulski
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Łukasz Oleksy: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
Aleksandra Królikowska: Ergonomics and Biomedical Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
Anna Mika: Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
Paweł Reichert: Department of Trauma Surgery, Clinical Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
Monika Kentel: eMKaMED Medical Centre, 53-110 Wrocław, Poland
Maciej Kentel: eMKaMED Medical Centre, 53-110 Wrocław, Poland
Anna Poświata: EGZOTech Sp. z o.o., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Anna Roksela: Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Dominika Kozak: EGZOTech Sp. z o.o., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Katarzyna Bienias: EGZOTech Sp. z o.o., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Marcel Smoliński: Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Artur Stolarczyk: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
Michał Mikulski: EGZOTech Sp. z o.o., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-13

Abstract: Joint position sense (JPS) is the awareness of joint location in space, indicating accuracy and precision of the movement. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the reliability of active and passive JPS assessment regarding the knee joint. This was carried out using the Luna EMG rehabilitation robot. Further analysis assessed whether the examination of only the dominant site is justified and if there are differences between sites. The study comprised 24 healthy male participants aged 24.13 ± 2.82 years, performing sports at a recreational level. Using the Luna EMG rehabilitation robot, JPS tests were performed for the right and left knees during flexion and extension in active and passive mode, in two separate sessions with a 1-week interval. Both knee flexion and extension in active and passive modes demonstrated high reliability (ICC = 0.866–0.982; SEM = 0.63–0.31). The mean JPS angle error did not differ significantly between the right and left lower limbs ( p < 0.05); however, no between-limb correlation was noted ( r = 0.21–0.34; p > 0.05). The Bland–Altman plots showed that the between-limb bias was minimal, with relatively wide limits of agreement. Therefore, it was concluded that the Luna EMG rehabilitation robot is a reliable tool for active and passive knee JPS assessment. In our study, JPS angle error did not differ significantly between left and right sides; however, the slight asymmetry was observed (visible in broad level of agreement exceeding 5° in Bland–Altman plots), what may suggest that in healthy subjects, e.g., active athletes, proprioception should always be assessed on both sides.

Keywords: biomedical monitoring; joint position sense; knee; patient monitoring; physiotherapy; proprioception; rehabilitation robotics; reliability; symmetry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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