Short-End Injection Capillary Electrophoresis and Multivariate Analysis for Simultaneous Determination of Heavy Metals in Passiflora incarnata Tea

Aline Klassen, Rafael Ferreira Fernandes, Débora Cristina de Oliveira, Maria Patrícia do Nascimento, Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges, Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira, Leandro Augusto Calixto () and Keyller Bastos Borges ()
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Aline Klassen: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Centro, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
Rafael Ferreira Fernandes: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Centro, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
Débora Cristina de Oliveira: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Centro, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
Maria Patrícia do Nascimento: Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Campus Universitário, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Martelos, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges: Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, MG, Brazil
Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira: Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Campus Universitário, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Martelos, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
Leandro Augusto Calixto: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Centro, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
Keyller Bastos Borges: Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Dom Bosco, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, MG, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-10

Abstract: An ultra-fast method for the simultaneous determination of heavy metals in Passiflora incarnata tea by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a short-end injection combined with multivariate analysis was proposed. Separation was conducted by hydrodynamic injection (5 s at 0.5 psi) using the short-end injection procedure in a fused uncoated silica capillary (50 cm total length, 10.2 cm effective length, 50 µm i.d.) with separation time less than 2 min. An indirect UV detection at 214 nm was employed by using imidazole as a chromophore. The buffer used was 6 mmol/L hydroxybutyric acid (HIBA). The optimum conditions by full factorial with a central point were achieved by 18-crown-6 concentration (23.3 mmol L −1 ), voltage (+11.4 kV), methanol concentration (3.8%), and temperature (20 °C). The method showed good linearity (R 2 > 0.998) for both Cd and Pb, inter-day precision of less than 14.49%, and an adequate limit of quantification only for Cd (LOQ < 0.5 µg mL −1 for Cd) based on the US Pharmacopeial Convention limit requirements for elemental impurities. After method validation, the method was applied to Passiflora incarnata tea samples from a local market. Furthermore, the developed method showed great potential for the determination of metals in other samples with proper sample preparation procedures.

Keywords: design of experiments; Passiflora incarnata tea; elemental impurities; short-end injection (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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