Carbothermal Synthesis of Sludge Biochar Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for the Removal of Cd 2+ and Cu 2+: Preparation, Performance, and Safety Risks

Yingying Shao, Chao Tian, Yanfeng Yang, Yanqiu Shao, Tao Zhang, Xinhua Shi, Weiyi Zhang () and Ying Zhu ()
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Yingying Shao: Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
Chao Tian: Shandong Shanke Institute of Ecological Environment Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China
Yanfeng Yang: Shandong Shanke Institute of Ecological Environment Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China
Yanqiu Shao: Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
Tao Zhang: Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
Xinhua Shi: Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
Weiyi Zhang: Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
Ying Zhu: Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 23, 1-15

Abstract: The practical application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is restricted by its easy oxidation and aggregation. Here, sludge biochar (SB) was used as a carrier to stabilize NZVI for Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ removal. SB supported NZVI (SB-NZVI) was synthesized using the carbothermic method. The superior preparation conditions, structural characteristics, and performance and mechanisms of the SB-NZVI composites for the removal of Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ were investigated via batch experiments and characterization analysis. The optimal removal capacities of 55.94 mg/g for Cd 2+ and 97.68 mg/g for Cu 2+ were achieved at a Fe/sludge mass ratio of 1:4 and pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C. Batch experiments showed that the SB-NZVI (1:4-900) composite had an excellent elimination capacity over a broad pH range, and that weakly acidic to neutral solutions were optimal for removal. The XPS results indicated that the Cd 2+ removal was mainly dependent on the adsorption and precipitation/coprecipitation, while reduction and adsorption were the mechanisms that play a decisive role in Cu 2+ removal. The presence of Cd 2+ had an opposite effect on the Cu 2+ removal. Moreover, the SB-NZVI composites made of municipal sludge greatly reduces the leaching toxicity and bio-availability of heavy metals in the municipal sludge, which can be identified as an environmentally-friendly material.

Keywords: carbonthermal reduction; nanoscale zero-valent iron; municipal sludge; heavy metals removal mechanism; environmentally friendly (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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